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Who is Jesus?
Sesboüé Bernard, Frédéric Lenoir. The match theological
published 23/12/2010
Frédéric Lenoir *, philosopher, sociologist and historian of religions, director of World Religions, the appellation "Son of God" does not imply that Jesus was considered by his apostles as God himself. The Jesuit theologian Bernard Sesboüé *, Professor Sèvres in the center of Paris, is the opposite view. We interviewed one then the other protagonist and set against their views.
What does the New Testament on the divinity of Jesus?
Response Frédéric Lenoir. The Synoptic Gospels, written shortly after the death of Jesus depict him as "Christ as Lord and Son of God" to quote the title of the book by Bernard Sesboüé. But none of these titles does not say explicitly that Jesus is equal with the Father, He is God made man. The idea of the incarnation appeared later, approximately 70 years after the death of Jesus, with the fourth Gospel attributed to John. For the first time is clearly affirmed identity, and even equality, between the Father and the Son, which seems to contradict the Synoptics. Paul, meanwhile, oscillates between two visions. His Christology is consistent with that of the Synoptics, but some poetic hymns seem to prefigure the vision of John, without being too explicit.
BERNARD Sesboüé Response. After the Resurrection, there is a replay of all the apostles of Jesus in the past. Their ancient understandings of Jesus crystallize, the puzzle fall into place. The apostles realized they rubbed God himself! From the writings of St. Paul, the oldest in the New Testament is clear. Paul famous "Christ in the flesh, which is, above all, God blessed for ever and ever" (Romans 9, 5). In the Epistle to the Philippians, Paul reproduces an ancient catechetical hymn: Christ, the "form of God, was not considered to be prey to seize equality with God but emptied himself, taking the of a slave, becoming as human beings. " Anthem tells how Jesus died on the cross and that God then gives the "name which is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in the celestial beings, terrestrial and subterranean, and that any tongue should confess that the Lord is Jesus Christ, to the glory of God the Father. " Subsequently, the theology of John develop the theology of the incarnation, but I see no disconnect between Paul and John.
Jesus he said he was God?
Response Frédéric Lenoir. No. He knows he has a unique bond with God, he is the beloved Son Father, it is more than a prophet, but he never shows up as the incarnation of God. He calls himself the "Son of Man", which refers to a messianic title, without being equal to God. The feeling I have, by reading and rereading the Gospels, but certainty is that it was partly a mystery to himself, as he was for his disciples.
BERNARD Sesboüé Response. No, because it would have taken for a fool. But he said "Son of Man", which has a value far greater than if it had called "Son of God." At his trial, in the Gospel of Mark, to answer the high priest who asked him if he is the Messiah, the Son of the Blessed, Jesus said: "I am. And you will see the Son of man seated at right hand of power, coming with the clouds of heaven. "
The divinity of Christ is it essential for a Christian?
Response Frédéric Lenoir. It depends what you mean by god. Basic Christianity based on faith in the Resurrection of Jesus and not on the Trinity, which is a later development. There is no evidence that the early Christians, Jesus' contemporaries, have believed in his full divinity. They believed it was God's messenger, he had a unique relationship with him. I love to Paul: "He is the image of the invisible God. "We can therefore, in my view, be a Christian, like the apostles, believing that Jesus is the son of God without regard it as God. The idea of the incarnation is at the end of the first century, and of the Holy Trinity emerges during the second century to become a dogma with the various councils in the fourth century. This is an attempt to explain Sound of the mystery of Christ, which has always been perceived as a "bridge" between God and men. I do not deny the Trinitarian formula, but I think that we should not take it for an absolute. First, because it was developed and refined in a political context that has sometimes played an important role in some decisions. The most striking example is the Council of Ephesus in 431, which condemned Nestorius - the patriarch of Constantinople, who denied the validity of the expression of Mary "Mother of God" - in unbelievable circumstances which constitute more than the theological thriller breath the Holy Spirit! Secondly, and most importantly, because God is ineffable. I think we can say nothing of what is in its essence, and I agree with the apophatic tradition, Dionysius to Meister Eckhart, who says you can not say anything about God except what he is not. Even St. Thomas Aquinas at the end of his life, said he wanted to burn what he had written because he felt that it was "like straw" compared to what he had seen the ineffable mystery of God. My Christian faith is based on the personal relationship I have with the risen Jesus, a Christ leads me to the ineffable God, rather than on belief in theological formulations, however respectable they may be.
BERNARD Sesboüé Response. Yes. The divinity of Christ in the Trinitarian mystery is what makes or fall into the Christian faith. Moreover, the opponents of the Christians, like the pagan Celsus, testify in their own way, by openly attacking the thesis of the Incarnation, they saw as the central point of Christian faith. The fundamental originality of it is not to say that God exists, but is interested in man developed to share her condition in Jesus. This changes everything: it means that joins humanity from birth to death. Jesus is not simply an intermediary between heaven and earth. It allows us a real communion with the divine world. Jesus praying, I am in communion with God. If Jesus is not God, it's like speaking to a very great saint, but that's all.
In this case, do not take the words literally or minimalist, as does Frederic Lenoir. When we say that Jesus is the "face" of God or his Son, or Lord, the theologian who is aware of the scope of biblical language known by the whole context of metaphor that is the true divinity of Jesus. This statement raises the paradox of thinking what is absolute even within what is contingent.
* Their latest books:
- How Jesus became God, Frederic Lenoir, Fayard, 19,90 €.
- Christ, Lord and Son of God. Free response to Frederic Lenoir, Bernard Sesboüé, Lethielleux, 13 €.
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